The mark framework smaller the potential for keep in mind and you can alternatives biases, as well as the high rate regarding retention reduced bias because of good loss to adhere to-upwards. Diet plan was reviewed many times during pursue-up, and that took into account alterations in eating behaviors and you will smaller measurement error; but not, specific error was unavoidable. Even though strokes were self-reported, investigation medical professionals, without knowing the fresh thinking-advertised exposure grounds reputation out-of people, assessed participants’ medical information to ensure the newest coronary arrest diagnosis and you will identify the brand new coronary attack type of. Yet not, due to the fact twenty four% of women having heart attack in the NHS We and you may thirty two% on the NHS II don’t offer permission to examine the scientific ideas, we had been incapable of categorize all strokes just like the ischemic or hemorrhagic; hence, the newest amounts of coronary arrest systems was in fact faster. Nonetheless, the massive quantity of members plus the enough time time of go after-up given sufficient power to choose medically related variations in dangers from complete heart attack and you can coronary attack items. At exactly the same time, the fresh updated meta-analyses given service in regards to our conclusions to the fat reduction intakes away from magnesium, potassium, and you will calcium supplements and danger of full heart attack. A major limitation of your own most recent studies are the inability to separate this new separate negative effects of the 3 minerals which have much confidence by higher correlations between them. And, once the studies populace mostly consisted of Caucasian ladies ( 12), the outcomes of the most recent analysis is almost certainly not generalizable to help you boys or ethnically varied populations.
To summarize, results from these types of dos large prospective education give good facts in order to service an inverse association anywhere between mutual consumption out-of magnesium, potassium, and you can calcium supplements from diet and stroke chance. New separate character of every mineral on the reduction of coronary attack chance is tough to establish. Additionally, the result of these nutrients into danger of stroke separate off real European Sites singles dating site food sources is hard to identify. This research aids the advice of one’s Diet Remedies for Prevent Blood pressure, Max Macronutrient Consumption Demo to stop Heart disease, and you will Mediterranean diet, and that render highest slimming down consumption of them vitamins.
The fresh authors’ duties was in fact below-SNA: performed analytical analyses and wrote the manuscript; DS, WCW, and you may KMR: offered vital opinions of your manuscript; and all sorts of authors: discover and you will approved the final manuscript. Nothing of the article authors advertised a conflict of interest related to the research.
FOOTNOTES
Backed by brand new NIH (has UM1CA176726, UM1CA186107, D43TW009106, HL34594, CA87969, and you may HL088521) therefore the Bernard Lown Cardiovascular disease Program (so you can SNA).
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Information was obtained on potential confounding factors, including medical history, other aspects of dietary intake, and lifestyle behaviors that could be associated with intake of these minerals and risk of stroke. These variables were updated biennially and included cigarette smoking (never, past, or current), physical activity (<3, 3 to <9, 9 to <18, 18 to <27, or ?27 metabolic equivalent tasks per week), menopausal status (premenopausal or postmenopausal), postmenopausal hormone therapy use (never, past, or current), parental history of early myocardial infarction (before age 60 y), multivitamin use (yes or no), thiazide use (yes or no), aspirin use at least 2 times/wk (yes or no), and history of hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia (yes or no). Height and weight were self-reported at baseline, and weight was updated from follow-up questionnaire responses. BMI (in kg/m 2 ) was calculated as weight divided by height squared. BMI was divided into 3 categories (i.e., <25, 25 to <30, and ?30). Quintiles were calculated for total energy intake (kcal), and we used alcohol consumption categories of 0, 0 to <5, 5 to <10, 10 to <15, and ?15 g/d.
Age-standard properties out of 86,149 ladies in the newest NHS I in 1994 and you will 94,715 feamales in the brand new NHS II inside 1995 by quintiles out-of magnesium, potassium, and you can calcium supplements intakes step one
Pooled RRs (95% CIs) out-of complete, ischemic, and you can hemorrhagic strokes by quintiles out-of full and you will weightloss potassium consumption inside 86,149 women in new NHS We and you may 94,715 women in new NHS II step 1
Because of the apparently higher amount of correlation anywhere between these vitamins, we including checked-out a blended magnesium, potassium, and calcium supplements diet plan score ( Desk 5). Having research of women from the high which have low quintiles of joint magnesium, potassium, and you will calcium eating plan rating, new pooled multivariate RR to possess overall coronary arrest is 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.91; P-development = 0.003). Findings have been similar getting ischemic not hemorrhagic heart attack.
Talk
The new family members anywhere between intakes off magnesium, potassium, and you may calcium supplements and you will likelihood of heart attack revealed in the modern investigation is like the newest family relations anywhere between consumption of them minerals and you may likelihood of IHD. During the potential studies, fat reduction consumption out of magnesium and potassium were inversely of this chance from IHD ( 46, 47), however, there is certainly zero relation that have calcium supplements consumption and you will risk of IHD in females ( 48). In addition to, consumption from magnesium and calcium supplements not potassium was basically for the all the way down likelihood of CVD mortality in a few ( twenty four, 46, 49) but not all the ( 50) education.
